Python on the Web - Sending Email (Page 4 of 6 )
Ok, what about sending email? What sounds like a big, scary subject is actually pretty simple once you get down to it. And because of Python's amazingly clear syntax it's very clean, not to mention compact.
#!/usr/bin/env python
import smtplib
def mail(address, subject, message, host = 'localhost'):
headers = 'From: %srnTo: %srnSubject: %srnrn%s'
message = headers % (address[0], ','.join(address[1:]), subject, message)
server = smtplib.SMTP(host)
server.sendmail(address[0], address[1:], message)
server.quit()
if __name__ == '__main__':
mail(('someone@somewhere.com', 'sometwo@somewhere.com'), 'subject', 'message')
Admit it, how much smaller is that than you expected! Before we delve deeper into this function, you need to understand a little about how it's being called or chances are you'll end up with errors!
mail(('from', 'to', ...), 'subject', 'message', ['host'])
The first argument here is a sequence of two or more addresses, the first being the 'From' address and the rest 'To' addresses. Followed by the 'Subject' and 'Message'. You may also need to tell this function what host you want to use if one isn't available locally.
For this example we started by importing the 'smtplib' module, which provides functions/classes for sending emails from Python... so mail() is really just a wrapper over what you would normally do to send email, but it does make things easier!
That is to say, inside mail() we do two main things...
- Create a MIME header containing our 'From' and 'To' addresses... as well as any other data we want to send i.e. Subject, Message, Content-Type. When complete this is assigned to the 'message' variable.
- Connect to the mail server using the SMTP() class. If the connection is successful then the addresses and 'message' header are sent to using the sendmail() method before quitting.
If you plan on playing with 'smptlib' or similar modules, then you'll probably end up thanking the programmer who wrote it, for the set_debuglevel() method! As is my experience, anything that could go wrong will go wrong the first few times i.e.:
server = smtplib.SMTP(host)
server.set_debuglevel(1)
server.sendmail(from, to, message)
server.quit()
Next: A Last Example >>
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