Python on the Web - Cookies (Page 3 of 6 )
Next up we'll use Python's 'Cookie' module to do a little baking! (Ironically I suck at making real cookies.)
>>> import Cookie
>>> cookie = Cookie.SimpleCookie()
>>> cookie['number1'] = 'some values'
>>> cookie['number2'] = 'some values'
>>> cookie['number3'] = 'some values'
>>> cookie['number3']['expires'] = 3600
>>> print cookie
Set-Cookie: number1="some values";
Set-Cookie: number2="some values";
Set-Cookie: number3="some values"; expires=Fri, 30-Jan-2004 12:03:20 GMT;
Ok, you have to agree, setting cookies couldn't be much simpler, and the 'Cookie' module wraps it up nicely. The difficulty comes when you want to retrieve your values... ok maybe I'm exaggerating a little here.
#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
def monster():
if 'HTTP_COOKIE' in os.environ:
cookies = os.environ['HTTP_COOKIE']
cookies = cookies.split('; ')
handler = {}
for cookie in cookies:
cookie = cookie.split('=')
handler[cookie[0]] = cookie[1]
return handler
if __name__ == '__main__':
import Cookie
cookie = Cookie.SimpleCookie()
cookie['monster'] = 'cookievalue'
print cookie
print 'Content-Type: text/htmln'
print 'Hit refresh to see the cookie!!!<br />'
print 'Hewwo, im the cookie', monster()
This is all about parsing the 'HTTP_COOKIE' header and inserting the cookie values into a dictionary.
We start by importing the 'os' module into our program and defining the monster() function -- this checks if the 'cookies' string exists or not. If it does then we split it, leaving us with a list of 'key=value' strings. After that all we have left to do is loop over the list and split the values again, placing them into the dictionary.
Ok finally let's do something a little useful with our cookies... and in keeping with our final example, we're going to create a counter function, which allows you to set limits on different processes. Observe and enjoy.
#!/usr/bin/env python
import Cookie, os
def limits(count):
if 'HTTP_COOKIE' in os.environ:
cookies = os.environ['HTTP_COOKIE']
cookies = cookies.split('; ')
handler = {}
for cookie in cookies:
cookie = cookie.split('=')
handler[cookie[0]] = cookie[1]
if 'count' in handler:
number = int(handler['count'])
if number < count:
cookie = Cookie.SimpleCookie()
cookie['count'] = number + 1
cookie['count']['expires'] = 86400
print cookie
return True
else:
print Cookie.SimpleCookie('count=1')
return True
if __name__ == '__main__':
if limits(5):
print 'user was under their limit, do this...'
else:
print 'user was over their limit, do nothing!'
The start of this is exactly the same as in our monster() function except that if there are no cookies set, then we create one and set its value to one. If there are any cookies to unpack, then we check for 'count' in the handler dictionary and type-cast its value to a 'number' using int()... 'number' is then compared to the 'count' variable to check if the user is under or over their limit. Provided they're under their limit, then we update the cookie and set the expiry date to 24 hours before returning True; this is done so we can use if-else blocks to control the users access.
Next: Sending Email >>
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