Sometimes it is necessary to test the data in a string. Maybe we want to know if it contains a specific letter or word or sentence, or any text at all. We can perform a true/false boolean test like so:

>>> cartoon='The Smurfs rock.'

>>> 'snork' in cartoon

False

>>> 'smurf' in cartoon

False

>>> 'smurfs' in cartoon

False

>>> 'Smurfs' in cartoon

True

>>> 'Smurf' in cartoon

True

>>> 'rock' in cartoon

True

>>> 'The Smurfs' in cartoon

True

>>> 'The Smurfs suck' in cartoon

False

>>> 'The Smurfs rock' in cartoon

True

In the above example we assign the value "The Smurfs rock." to the variable cartoon. We then run a number of tests to see if certain words and eventually sentences appear in the cartoon variable. You will note that the method is case sensitive (it won't find 'smurfs' but it will find 'Smurfs').

You can also use "not in," to see if text is not in the string, like this:

>>> 'Snorks' not in cartoon

True

Another method of testing whether some text is in a string is to use the find() method, which returns the position of the text in the string:

>>> cartoon.find('Smurfs')

4

>>> cartoon.find('rock')

11

>>> cartoon.find('boo')

-1

As you can see, the word 'Smurfs' begins at the fourth character, and 'rock' begins at the eleventh character (spaces count as one character). Since the text 'boo' is not in our string, the program returns the value -1.