Password text boxes, read-only text boxes - PythonControls are, obviously, essential to your wxPython applications. They allow you to gather input from the user so that you can make decisions based on that input. Let's take a close look at a few controls availible to you and your applications. This article will cover wxChoice, wxComboBox, wxListBox and wxTextCtrl. It is the third one in a series about wxPython.
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Another thing that interested me was creating text boxes for passwords, as well as text boxes that could not be modified. The wxTE_PASSWORD and wxTE_READONLY styles make this possible with the wxTextCtrl. We can also use the SetEditable method: from wxPython.wx import * class OurFrame ( wxFrame ): def __init__ ( self ): wxFrame.__init__ ( self, None, -1, 'wxPython' ) self.panel = wxPanel ( self, -1 ) # Create a normal text box self.text = wxTextCtrl ( self.panel, -1 ) # Create a password box self.passw = wxTextCtrl ( self.panel, -1, style = wxTE_PASSWORD ) # Create a read-only box self.disabled = wxTextCtrl ( self.panel, -1, 'Cannot be modified.', style = wxTE_READONLY ) # Create a read-only box self.disabled2 = wxTextCtrl ( self.panel, -1, 'Nor can this.' ) self.disabled2.SetEditable ( False ) self.vertical = wxBoxSizer ( wxVERTICAL ) self.vertical.Add ( ( 0, 0 ), 1, wxEXPAND ) self.vertical.Add ( wxStaticText ( self.panel, wxID_ANY, 'A Simple wxTextCtrl:' ), 0, wxALIGN_CENTER ) # Add everything self.vertical.Add ( self.text, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER ) self.vertical.Add ( self.passw, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER ) self.vertical.Add ( self.disabled, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER ) self.vertical.Add ( self.disabled2, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER ) self.vertical.Add ( ( 0, 0 ), 1, wxEXPAND ) self.horizontal = wxBoxSizer ( wxHORIZONTAL ) self.horizontal.Add ( ( 0, 0 ), 1, wxEXPAND ) self.horizontal.Add ( self.vertical, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER ) self.horizontal.Add ( ( 0, 0 ), 1, wxEXPAND ) self.panel.SetSizerAndFit ( self.horizontal ) self.Show ( True ) application = wxPySimpleApp() window = OurFrame() application.MainLoop() Multi-line text boxes are also very useful in applications. They can be created from a wxTextCtrl using the wxTE_MULTILINE style, and, optionally, the wxTE_DONTWRAP style: from wxPython.wx import * class OurFrame ( wxFrame ): def __init__ ( self ): wxFrame.__init__ ( self, None, -1, 'wxPython' ) self.panel = wxPanel ( self, -1 ) # Create a text box self.text = wxTextCtrl ( self.panel, -1 ) # Create a multi-line text box self.multi = wxTextCtrl ( self.panel, -1, style = wxTE_MULTILINE ) # Create a multi-line text box that does not wrap lines self.multi2 = wxTextCtrl ( self.panel, -1, style = wxTE_MULTILINE | wxTE_DONTWRAP ) self.vertical = wxBoxSizer ( wxVERTICAL ) self.vertical.Add ( ( 0, 0 ), 1, wxEXPAND ) self.vertical.Add ( wxStaticText ( self.panel, wxID_ANY, 'A Simple wxTextCtrl:' ), 0, wxALIGN_CENTER ) # Add everything self.vertical.Add ( self.text, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER ) self.vertical.Add ( self.multi, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER ) self.vertical.Add ( self.multi2, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER ) self.vertical.Add ( ( 0, 0 ), 1, wxEXPAND ) self.horizontal = wxBoxSizer ( wxHORIZONTAL ) self.horizontal.Add ( ( 0, 0 ), 1, wxEXPAND ) self.horizontal.Add ( self.vertical, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER ) self.horizontal.Add ( ( 0, 0 ), 1, wxEXPAND ) self.panel.SetSizerAndFit ( self.horizontal ) self.Show ( True ) application = wxPySimpleApp() window = OurFrame() application.MainLoop() If we only want the user to be able to enter a certain amount of characters, we can do that with the SetMaxLength method: from wxPython.wx import * class OurFrame ( wxFrame ): def __init__ ( self ): wxFrame.__init__ ( self, None, -1, 'wxPython' ) self.panel = wxPanel ( self, -1 ) # Create a text box self.text = wxTextCtrl ( self.panel, -1 ) # Create a text box with a maximum length self.max = wxTextCtrl ( self.panel, -1 ) self.max.SetMaxLength ( 10 ) self.vertical = wxBoxSizer ( wxVERTICAL ) self.vertical.Add ( ( 0, 0 ), 1, wxEXPAND ) self.vertical.Add ( wxStaticText ( self.panel, wxID_ANY, 'A Simple wxTextCtrl:' ), 0, wxALIGN_CENTER ) # Add everything self.vertical.Add ( self.text, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER ) self.vertical.Add ( self.max, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER ) self.vertical.Add ( ( 0, 0 ), 1, wxEXPAND ) self.horizontal = wxBoxSizer ( wxHORIZONTAL ) self.horizontal.Add ( ( 0, 0 ), 1, wxEXPAND ) self.horizontal.Add ( self.vertical, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER ) self.horizontal.Add ( ( 0, 0 ), 1, wxEXPAND ) self.panel.SetSizerAndFit ( self.horizontal ) self.Show ( True ) application = wxPySimpleApp() window = OurFrame() application.MainLoop() If we want to trigger an event when the user presses the enter key on his or her keyboard, we can do so with the wxTE_PROCESS_ENTER style and the EVENT_TYPE_TEXT_ENTER_COMMAND event. When the user presses the enter key on our second text box, we'll write a few characters to the text box. When the user presses the enter key on our third text box, we'll set the value to something else. We'll also create two more text boxes. When the user presses the enter key while working with the third text box, its contents will be saved to a file, and the fourth text box will load the contents of that file: from wxPython.wx import * class OurFrame ( wxFrame ): def __init__ ( self ): wxFrame.__init__ ( self, None, -1, 'wxPython' ) self.panel = wxPanel ( self, -1 ) # Create a text box self.text = wxTextCtrl ( self.panel, -1 ) # Create a text box that triggers an event self.enter = wxTextCtrl ( self.panel, 100, style = wxTE_PROCESS_ENTER ) EVT_TEXT_ENTER ( self.panel, 100, self.handleEnter1 ) # Create another text box that triggers an event self.enter2 = wxTextCtrl ( self.panel, 200, style = wxTE_PROCESS_ENTER ) EVT_TEXT_ENTER ( self.panel, 200, self.handleEnter2 ) # Create another text box that triggers an event self.save = wxTextCtrl ( self.panel, 300, style = wxTE_PROCESS_ENTER ) EVT_TEXT_ENTER ( self.panel, 300, self.handleEnter3 ) # Create another text box that triggers an event self.load = wxTextCtrl ( self.panel, -1, style = wxTE_PROCESS_ENTER ) self.vertical = wxBoxSizer ( wxVERTICAL ) self.vertical.Add ( ( 0, 0 ), 1, wxEXPAND ) self.vertical.Add ( wxStaticText ( self.panel, wxID_ANY, 'A Simple wxTextCtrl:' ), 0, wxALIGN_CENTER ) # Add everything self.vertical.Add ( self.text, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER ) self.vertical.Add ( self.enter, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER ) self.vertical.Add ( self.enter2, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER ) self.vertical.Add ( self.save, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER ) self.vertical.Add ( self.load, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER ) self.vertical.Add ( ( 0, 0 ), 1, wxEXPAND ) self.horizontal = wxBoxSizer ( wxHORIZONTAL ) self.horizontal.Add ( ( 0, 0 ), 1, wxEXPAND ) self.horizontal.Add ( self.vertical, 0, wxALIGN_CENTER ) self.horizontal.Add ( ( 0, 0 ), 1, wxEXPAND ) self.panel.SetSizerAndFit ( self.horizontal ) self.Show ( True ) def handleEnter1 ( self, event ): self.enter.AppendText ( '100%' ) def handleEnter2 ( self, event ): self.enter2.SetValue ( '0%' ) def handleEnter3 ( self, event ): self.save.SaveFile ( 'textctrl.txt' ) self.load.LoadFile ( 'textctrl.txt' ) application = wxPySimpleApp() window = OurFrame() application.MainLoop() Conclusion Now we know a bit more about the wxChoice, wxComboBox, wxListBox and wxTextCtrl controls, giving us more methods for gathering input from users, which is necessary in any application. We also know that although some wxPython controls seems simple on the surface, such as wxTextCtrl, they can be amazingly complex underneath, containing dozens of methods for us to use.
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