In consonance with the concepts that I expressed in the section that you just read, the last example that I’m going to provide in this tutorial is aimed at demonstrating how the protected properties of the “DataSaver” class, which was created earlier, can be accessed from inside the class in question.

How will this be done? It’s very simple really, since, as you may have noticed, this sample class has a couple of access methods (also called accessors), named “getData()” and “getFilePath()” respectively. They can be used to retrieve the values of the protected properties from inside the class.

But to clarity things a bit more, I'm going to list the complete definition of the pertinent “DataSaver” class, to remind you of how these access methods look. Here it is:

// define 'DataSaver' class (properties are defined protected but are accessed by the accessors)

class DataSaver{

protected $filePath;

protected $data;

public function __construct($data,$filePath){

if(!$data||strlen($data)>1024){

throw new Exception('Invalid data for being saved to target file.');

}

if(!file_exists($filePath)){

throw new Exception('Invalid target file.');

}

$this->data=$data;

$this->filePath=$filePath;

}

// save data to target file

public function save(){

if(!$fp=fopen($this->filePath,'w')){

throw new Exception('Error opening target file.');

}

if(!fwrite($fp,$this->data)){

throw new Exception('Error writing data to target file.');

}

fclose($fp);

}

// get target file via an accessor

public function getFilePath(){

return $this->filePath;

}

// get data via an accessor

public function getData(){

return $this->data;

}

}

Now that you know how the access methods of the above “DataSaver” class have been implemented, please pay close attention to the following example, which shows how to output the values of the respective protected properties via the previously mentioned methods:

try{

// create new instance of 'DataSaver' class

$dataSaver=new DataSaver('This string of data will be saved to a target file!','datafile.txt');

// save data to target file

$dataSaver->save();

// print value of protected properties

echo 'Target file is the following : '.$dataSaver->getfilePath().'<br />';

echo 'Data for being saved to target file is the following : '.$dataSaver->getData();

/* displays the following

Target file is the following : datafile.txt

Data for being saved to target file is the following : This string of data will be saved to a target file!

*/

}

catch(Exception $e){

echo $e->getMessage();

exit();

}

Now the protected properties that belong to the pertinent data saving class are accessed from inside the class scope via the respective “getData()” and “getFilePath()” methods. This demonstrates how to retrieve their corresponding values within the class in question.

At this point you’ll have to agree with me that working with protected class properties in PHP 5 is a pretty straightforward process that can be learned in a very short time. However, if you’re not feeling completely confident using this  feature that's incorporated into the object model of PHP, you may want to play with all the code samples developed in this first chapter of this series.

Final thoughts

In this initial tutorial, I walked you through the foundations of member visibility in PHP 5. In this case, you hopefully learned how to work with public and protected class properties. This is actually a no-brainer process that can be tackled with minor efforts.

In the upcoming article of the series, I’m going to teach you how to restrict the access to the properties of a class even more by declaring them private, so I don’t think you want to miss it!