Graphical Interfaces and Unit Testing - Unit Testing in a Web Environment
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When I speak with developers about unit testing in PHP in the past, they often said "PHP is a Web-centric language, and it's really hard to unit test Web pages." This is not really true, however.
With just a reasonable separation of presentation logic from business logic, the vast majority of application code can be unit tested and certified completely independently of the Web. The small portion of code that cannot be tested independently of the Web can be validated through the curl extension.
About curl - curl is a client library that supports file transfer over an incredibly wide variety of Internet protocols (for example, FTP, HTTP, HTTPS, LDAP). The best part about curl is that it provides highly granular access to the requests and responses, making it easy to emulate a client browser. To enable curl, you must either configure PHP by using --with-curl if you are building it from source code, or you must ensure that your binary build has curl enabled.
We will talk about user authentication in much greater depth in Chapter 13, "User Authentication and Session Security" but for now let's evaluate a simple example. You can write a simple inline authentication system that attempts to validate a user based on his or her user cookie. If the cookie is found, this HTML comment is added to the page:
<!-- crafted for NAME !>
First, you need to create a unit test. You can use curl to send a user=george cookie to the authentication page and then try to match the comment that should be set for that user. For completeness, you can also test to make sure that if you do not pass a cookie, you do not get authenticated. Here's how you do all this:
<?php
require_once "PHPUnit/Framework/TestCase.php";
// WebAuthCase is an abstract class which just sets
up the
// url for testing but runs no actual tests.
class WebAuthTestCase extends
PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase{
public $curl_handle;
public $url;
function _ _construct($name) {
parent::_ _construct($name);
}
function setUp() {
// initialize curl
$this->curl_handle = curl_init();
// set curl to return the response back to us
after curl_exec
curl_setopt($this->curl_handle,
CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
// set the url
$this->url = "http://devel.omniti.com/auth.php";
curl_setopt($this->curl_handle, CURLOPT_URL,
$this->url);
}
function tearDown() {
// close our curl session when we're finished
curl_close($this->curl_handle);
}
}
// WebGoodAuthTestCase implements a test of
successful authentication
class WebGoodAuthTestCase extends WebAuthTestCase {
function _ _construct($name) {
parent::_ _construct($name) ;
}
function testGoodAuth() {
$user = 'george';
// Consturct a user=NAME cookie
$cookie = "user=$user;";
// Set the cookie to be sent
curl_setopt($this->curl_handle, CURLOPT_COOKIE,
$cookie);
// execute our query
$ret = curl_exec($this->curl_handle);
$this->assertRegExp("/<!-- crafted for
$user -->/", $ret);
}
}
// WebBadAuthTestCase implements a test of
unsuccessful authentication
class WebBadAuthTestCase extends WebAuthTestCase {
function _ _construct($name) {
parent::_ _construct($name);
}
function testBadAuth() {
// Don't pass a cookie
curl_setopt($this->curl_handle, CURLOPT_COOKIE,
$cookie);
// execute our query
$ret = curl_exec($this->curl_handle);
if(preg_match("/<!-- crafted for /", $ret)) {
$this->fail();
}
else {
$this->pass();
}
}
}
if(realpath($_SERVER['PHP_SELF']) == _ _FILE_ _) {
require_once "PHPUnit/Framework/TestSuite.php";
require_once "PHPUnit/TextUI/TestRunner.php";
$suite = new
PHPUnit_Framework_TestSuite('WebGoodAuthTestCase');
$suite->addTestSuite("WebBadAuthTestCase");
PHPUnit_TextUI_TestRunner::run($suite);
}
?>
In contrast with the unit test, the test page is very simple—just a simple block that adds a header when a successful cookie is matched:
<HTML>
<BODY>
<?php
if($_COOKIE[user]) {
echo "<!-- crafted for $_COOKIE[user] -->";
}
?>
<?php print_r($_COOKIE) ?>
Hello World.
</BODY>
</HTML>
This test is extremely rudimentary, but it illustrates how you can use curl and simple pattern matching to easily simulate Web traffic. In Chapter 13, "User Authentication and Session Security," which discusses session management and authentication in greater detail, you use this WebAuthTestCase infrastructure to test some real authentication libraries.
Further Reading
An excellent source for information on unit testing is Test Driven Development By Example by Kent Beck (Addison-Wesley). The book uses Java and Python examples, but its approach is relatively language agnostic. Another excellent resource is the JUnit homepage, at http://www.junit.org.
If you are interested in learning more about the Extreme Programming methodology, see Testing Extreme Programming, by Lisa Crispin and Tip House (Addison-Wesley), and Extreme Programming Explained: Embrace Change, by Kent Beck (Addison-Wesley), which are both great books.
Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code, by Martin Fowler (Addison-Wesley), is an excellent text that discusses patterns in code refactoring. The examples in the book focus on Java, but the patterns are very general.
There are a huge number of books on qualitative analysis of readability, but if you are primarily interested in learning about the actual formulas used, you can do a Google search on readability score to turn up a number of high-quality results.
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 This article is excerpted from chapter six of the book Advanced PHP Programming, written by George Schlossnagle (Sams; ISBN: 0672325616). Check it out today at your favorite bookstore. Buy this book now.
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